汉字、彝文、东巴文文字起源神话比较研究
Comparative Analysis of the Genesis Myths of Han, Yi, and Naxi Donmba Writing Systems

　　华东师范大学中国文字研究与应用中心

　　【摘要】文字的产生是人类进入文明的重要标志之一，其意义异常的重大而深远。汉字、彝文、东巴文都具有悠久的历史，并且与许多其他民族古文字不同，它们都属于自源文字，因此，上古先民用了大量的神话来热情地讴歌这些文字。这三种文字的起源神话是三部生动的古文字史，形象地再现了这三种文字的创制和发展，反映了各民族早期文化的发展脉络，同时也反映了人类对文字这种充满神奇力量的文化现象的认识。这三种文字的起源神话是中华民族神话宝库中不可或缺的重要组成部分，通过比较，我们发现它们既有共性，又有着自己鲜明的民族特征。通过对这三种文字起源神话的共性和个性的研究，我们不仅从文化人类学的角度揭示了不同民族的先民在原始思维上的某些共同特点，而且对这三种文字各自的起源问题有了一个更为客观而科学的认识，更为重要的是，我们的研究为普通文字学意义上的自源文字的发生学理论提供了积极的参考价值。

　　关键词：汉字 彝文 东巴文 文字起源神话

　　Abstract

　　The invention of writing is one of the most important symbols which signify the human kind entering a civilized society and its significance is very profound and lasting. Chinese characters, Yi characters and Donmba characters are all writing systems with a long history. In particular, in contrast to many other ethnic characters, they are all original rather than derivative scripts. Therefore, the ancestors created many myths to sing the praises of these characters. The myths described these three characters’ history in a lively manner, and reproduced their invention and development visually. By means of comparing these myths, we found they had not only similarities but also individual characteristics. Through studying their general character and individuality, we threw light on some common distinguishing features from a cultural anthropological point of view and reached an objective and scientific understanding of the problem of these three characters’ origins. Most important of all, to the general graphetics, our research played a positive role in the theory of the origins of self-made writing systems.

　　Keywords: Chinese characters─Yi characters─Donmba characters─the genesis myths of Writing

　　作者简介:
　　朱建军，学习经历：2001.9-2003.7　华东师范大学中文系攻读硕士学位。2003.9-现在　华东师范大学中文系攻读博士学位。主要代表作：《古彝文字库建设的几点思考》（载《湖州师范学院学报》，2003年第1期）《从文字渊源物的角度对语段－记意文字的类型学研究》（载《大理学院学报》，2003年第4期）《文字类型学研究的意义、现状及设想》（载《中国文字研究》第4辑，广西教育出版社，2003年）。

　　About the Author:
　　Zhu Jianjun, Education: Sep. 2001-Jul. 2003, Dept. of Chinese Language & Literature, East China Normal University, Master. Sep. 2003- present, Dept. of Chinese Language & Literature, East China Normal University, Doctoral candidate. Representative works: “Some Thoughts on the Setting up an Ancient Yi Character bank,” Journal of Huzhou Teachers College, Vol. 25, No.1, 2003; “A Study of the Typology of the Language Ideo-morpological Writing System According to Its Origins,” Journal of Dali College, Vol.2, No.4, 2003; “The Significance, Actuality and Tentative Plan of the Study on the Typology of Written Linguistics,” Chinese Writing Systems Research, Vol.4, Guangxi Education Press, 2003.