继嗣与交换：地域社会的构成——对摩哈苴彝村的历史人类学分析
Descent, Exchange and the Formtation of the Territorial Community:
A Historical Anthropolohical Analysis of Mohaju Yi Village

　　武汉大学法学院社会学系

　　【摘要】关于地域社会的构成，宗族继嗣理论注重宗族裂变对于地域社会空间的建构，社会交换理论注重“女性的交换”对于地域社会空间的建构。本文通过对摩哈苴彝村口述史资料的分析，揭示了如下两个基本事实：第一，宗族裂变分支的散布与婚姻联盟的范围在地域上是吻合的。于此，消解了继嗣理论与交换理论对立的边界。第二，在父系社会中，不仅存在着“男性的继嗣”与“女性的交换”，也存在着“女性的继嗣”与“男性的交换”，后者亦为地域社会构成的重要路径。

　　关键词： 继嗣 交换 地域社会 历史人类学

　　Abstract

　　Two theories relate to the formation of the territorial community. While the descent theory emphasizes the division of the clan, the social exchange theory is focused on the exchange of women. This paper analyzes the life stories in a Yi village and reveals the following two basic facts: firstly, the distribution of the clan divisions and the range of the marriage union can be identical in territory, thus eliminating the confrontation between the descent theory and the exchange theory; secondly, in the patrilineal society, there are not only the descent of the males and exchange of the females, but also the descent of the females and exchange of the males, which also constitutes an important way to the territorial community.

　　Keywords: descend─exchange─territorial community─historical anthropology

　　作者简介：
　　朱炳祥，男，武汉大学社会学系教授、副系主任，博士生导师，主要著作有《伏羲与中国文化》、《土家族文化的发生学阐释》、《中国诗歌发生史》等“文化发生学”系列专著4部，另著有《社会人类学》。在《民族研究》、《武汉大学学报》等刊物上发表论文40多篇。曾至云南周城村做人类学田野工作整一年，对摩哈苴彝村跟踪研究整十年。

　　About the Author:
　　Zhu Bingxiang is a Professor of Sociology of Wuhan University, Vice-chair of Sociology Department, Advisor of Ph.D.Candidates. He has published 4 books, primarily from perspective in cultural generative studies, including Fuxi and Chinese Culture, A Generative Explaination on Culture of Tujia People, and The Generative History of Chinese Poetics and Social Anthropology. More than 40 articles have been published in Ethnic Research, Journal of Wuhan University, and elsewhere. What’s more, he has conducted fieldwork in Zhoucheng, Yunnan Province for one year, and carried out a long-term target revisit research on Mohaju Village for 10 years.