传统文化的变迁与调适——以云南永仁县谢腊彝村为个案
Change and Adaptation in Traditional Culture:
The Case of the Yi of Xiela in Yongren County, Yunnan

　　云南楚雄师范学院地方民族文化研究所

　　【摘要】传统文化的现代变迁与转型，与其社会经济相适应，是传统文化的必然走向。云南省楚雄彝族自治州永仁县谢腊村是一个彝族聚居的村落，处于彝族文化和汉文化交汇地带，彝族是最早的土著民族，唐代以后汉族不断迁入，但都已融合于彝族之中，现均自称彝族。由于受外来文化特别是汉文化影响较早，彝族传统文化在与汉文化的接触、交流、磨合乃至碰撞中，适应其社会经济变迁，不断调适本民族传统文化，吸纳优秀文化成分，使彝汉文化融为一体，改变了彝族传统的社会经济结构，实现了传统文化的现代转型。由此，给我们的启示是：1) 传统文化必须不断变迁、转型，没有变迁，传统文化只能与自给自足的小农经济相适应，最终自生自灭；2）传统文化的现代转型和调适，必须循序渐进，顺其自然；3）传统文化的现代转型必须有选择地吸纳外来文化，既融合又不失自己文化的“根”。

　　关键词： 传统文化 彝族 变迁 调适

　　Abstract

　　Change and adaptation to modern social and cultural change are the inevitable paths that traditional culture must take. Xiela village, Yongren County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, is a concentrated settlement of Yi people located and area of mixing of of Yi and Han cultures. Yi people are the earliest inhabitants. From the Tang Dynasty on, the Han people continually migrated to the area. Already people of mixed Yi and Han ancestry have all become Yi, but the cultural trend has been one of mixing, with Yi and Han coming into contact communicating merging and struggling, and the culture adapting itself to economic circumstances, continual revision of the traditional culture, absorption of favorable culture, letting Yi and Han culture mix together as a whole, changing social ownership of Yi culture, realizing modern change of traditional culture, and therefore, gaining a good deal of enlightenment: First, traditional culture has to go on changing; without change in traditional culture, it can only adapt to the small-scale, self-sufficient peasant economy, and in the end live and die by its own hand. Second, the modern changes in traditional culture, has to follow in order and advance step-by-step according to its own naturee. Third, modern changes in traditional culture, has to choose and draw outside cultural influences, even when merging still holding on to its own “roots.”

　　Keywords: traditional culture─Yi people─change─adaptation

　　作者简介:
　　杨甫旺（1962—），男，彝族，1988年云南省社会科学院研究生部毕业，历史学硕士，先后在楚雄彝族文化研究所、楚雄州博物馆等单位从事彝族历史文化调查研究，现为楚雄师范学院地方民族文化研究所副所长、研究员，云南大学文学与新闻学院民俗学硕士生导师，出版专著《彝族纳楼土司世家》、《彝族生殖文化论》、《楚雄民族文化的保护与传承》、《楚雄彝族民俗》等8部，发表《云南彝族民居文化论》等学术论文80余篇。

　　About the Author:
　　Yang Fuwang (1962—), male, Yi, receved his MA in History from the Graduate School of the Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences in 1988, since then he has worked in the Institute of Yi Culture Studeis in Chuxiong, and in Chuxiong Museum. During this time, he has continued to study Yi history and culture. He is now, associate director and senior researcher of the local ethnic culture at Chuxiong Normal University, as as an M.A. supervisor in the College of Literature and Journalism of Yunnan Normal University. He has published eight monographs, such as A survey of Yi reproductive culture, Protecting and Transmiting Yi Culture, and The Folklore of the Yi people. He has published almost eighty articles, including “A Survey of Yi Ethnic Architecture in Yunnan.”