彝族传统文化传承的策略选择
Strategic Selection for Heritance and Continuity of Yi Traditional Culture

　　贵州省纳雍县人大常委会

　　【摘要】全球化背景下的彝族传统文化的传承面临着巨大挑战。变服易俗正成为发展时期的无奈选择；彝语处在汉语、英语等强势语言的围城之中；彝文古籍成为传统文化最后的自留地；毕摩正在成为渐行渐远的圣徒；作为历史活化石的仪式已经只具有象征意义；活态文化正在逐渐消隐；这些已经无法避免。如何选择传统文化传承的策略，是新形势下无法回避的课题。作者认为，作为民族身份“名片”的服饰应以简明为原则尽量符号化、图案化、图腾化、商业化；作为活文化的仪式与习俗的传承，除了在经济发展的前提下以村寨为基本单位尽量保护和弘扬，要尽可能与生态环境和旅游胜地紧密结合进行单个文化主题的念珠式贯串开发，一地深入开掘一个文化内蕴，使之可以传之久远；依托教育、科研、翻译机构和文艺传媒、互联网传承新老文字及典籍文化，建立文博场馆保护金石文物；建立民族生态博物馆或民族文化村文化园等也不失为一种有效的方式；译解文化传承基因，培育核心发展优势，形成文化再生力传播力，是一条应该认真探索的道路；最重要的是要充分利用好民族区域自治政策法规，使之发挥的效益最大化，并从法律和政策上寻求最佳的传统文化传承策略。

　　关键词: 彝族 文化 传承 策略

　　Abstract

　　We are facing huge challenges to hand down the traditional cuture of Yi Ethnic Minority under the background of globalization. Changes of custom and tradition are an unwilling choice in this developing period. The language of Yi natonality is being tightly surrounded by such widely-used languages as Chinese, English…etc. Ancient works of Yi Ethnic Minority have become the last home of its traditional culture. Bimo is gradually fading away from us like a saint. Some celebrations, which are looked upon as living fossils in history, have only symbolic meanings. The living culture of Yi is dying down. These mentioned facts have already become unavoidable. How to choose strategies of handing traditional culture down is an unavoidable subject in the new situation. The author of the article thinks that clothing, which is believed to be the visiting card of a people, should be simple with symbolization, pictorialization, totems and commercialization. Handing down of the living culture should be combined with ecosystem environments and places of interest to develop its content step by step. One cultural item should be exploited in one place to keep it alive forever. We should make good use of educational, research and translating organizations, media and the Internet to propagandize old and new characters and works. Some museums should be built up to protect metallic and stone relics. Setting up ecological museums or cultural villages and parks is an effective method. We should find out a new way in which key points about the understanding of the culture are explained clearly, core advantages are developed and cutlural labour force and propaganda work are revived The most important thing is to make complete use of the laws and policies on minority self-rule to find out the best way to keep Yi's traditional culture alive.

　　Keywords: Yi Ethnic Minority─culture─transmission─strategy

　　作者简介:
　　王明贵(奥吉戈卡)，男，彝族，贵州省纳雍县人大副主任。系贵州作家协会和民间文艺家协会会员，贵州彝学会副秘书长。主要研究彝族文化，发表论文30余篇；出版论文集《虎尾捉风》，专著《彝族三段诗研究》(上下两卷)，诗集《修爱莲花》等5种约100万字；诗文成果名录被多种选集和辞书登载。曾获毕节地区首届文艺奖和第三届第四届社科奖，贵州省首届文艺奖和第五届哲学社会科学奖，首届国际芦笙文化论坛和阿诗玛国际彝学研讨会优秀论文奖，美国科尔比千禧优秀科学论文奖等20多项。

　　About the Author:
　　Wang Minggui, male, Yi, the Vice-chair of the Nayong County People Congress; member of the Author’s Union of Guizhou and the Guizhou Folk Atheneum, vice-secretary of Yi Studies Society of Guizhuou Province. Mainly in research on Yi culture, more than thirty of his articles have been printed, and he has published the paper collections of Capturing the Breeze on the Tail of Tiger, and Research on Yi's Three-part Poem: Theory Portion and Poem Portion more than one million words all together. His poems and articles have been adopted by many anthologies and dictionaries in China. He has won prizes literature, social science, philosophy and social science in Bijie Prefecture, and also won more than twenty other prizes, such as the prize on the first international proseminar on Yi, the Prize on Science Paper of Korlbi in America, and other prizes.