毕摩文化在广西彝区
Bimo Culture in Guangxi

　　广西师范学院民族民间文化研究所

　　【摘要】毕摩文化是彝族文化的核心，是各地彝族人民的精神依托，也是祖国文化遗产之一部分。在广西，彝族人口不多，居住也比较分散，但毕摩文化的影响仍然相当深远，不仅彝族同胞信奉自己祖先创建，并世代传吟的毕摩经，而且彝族住地周围的壮、汉、苗、瑶、仡佬等各族人民，也对毕摩文化怀有一种崇敬的心理和尊从的态度。毕摩文化牵动着岭南西路彝区民俗民风，促成多姿多彩的民俗文化事象。激励着彝族人民的自信心和自尊心，鼓舞世代彝族人民战胜强敌和自然灾害。由于时代的变迁和外来文化的冲击，在广西彝区，毕摩文化亦呈现淡化和消失的趋势。抢救和保护广西彝族毕摩文化，同样是彝区各级人民政府、民族文化工作者义不容辞的工作。各级人民政府、民族文化工作者和广大彝族同胞，都应该将这一抢救和保护工作为已任，认真抓好这项工程的实施。具体说，一要注意保护毕摩文化的形成条件和生态环境，二要注意培养毕摩的后继人，三要加强发掘、整理和研究，纳入中华民族文化宝库，四要与旅游事业联系起来，促进经济生产和四化建设。

　　关键词: 毕摩文化 广西彝区 抢救 开发

　　Abstract

　　Bimo Culture is the core of Yi Culture, the spirit support of the Yi people, and a part of cultural legacy of China as well. In Guangxi province, though the Yi are of small population and scattered in different areas, Bimo Culture has a profound influence on the Yi people here. Not only the Yi, but also other minorities living near Yi area, such as Zhuang, Han, Miao, Yao, Gelao pay respect and homage to Bimo Culture and intonate the Bimo Epos from generation to generation. Various colourful folk cultures thus came into being. Bimo culture has encouraged the Yi to beat their enemies and overcome natural disasters. Because of the changes of times and impact from foreign cultures, there is a tendency that Bimo Culture in Yi areas in Guangxi province has been fading away and even disappearing . Therefore, integrated principles should be carried out toward protection and salvation by both the government and the folklorists. First, resources and ecology of Bimo Culture should be protected; Second, inheritors of Bimo Culture should be cultivated; Third, further collections and research on Bimo Culture should be made; Fourth, Bimo Culture and tourism have to be combined so as to promote our economy and modernizations.

　　Keywords: Bimo Culture─Yi areas in Guangxi─salvation─exploiture

　　作者简介:
　　王光荣，彝族，广西那坡人。1967年毕业于中南民族学院中文系。1985年自县政府机关调入广西师范学院工作。现为该院研究员、教授，民族民间文化研究所所长，硕士研究生导师。兼任中国民间文艺家协会理事，广西民俗副会长兼秘书长。截止2004年12月出版独著6部，与人合编合著11部，发表论文102篇。与人合作抢救彝族文化遗产电视纪录片《一个彝族教授的自述》于2004年在中央电视台西部频道播放。

　　About the Author:
　　Wang Guangrong, a native Yi of Napo county, Guangxi province. He graduated from Department of Chinese and Literature, South-Central University for Nationalities in 1967, and shifted to be a teacher at Guangxi Normal University from a governmental post of a county in 1985. Now, as a senior researcher and professor in Folklore, he is the head of Institute of Ethnic Folk Culture, Member of Board of Chinese Folk Literature and Art Society, as well as the Vice Chairman and Secretary-general of Guangxi Folklore Society. He has published 6 books and more than 100 papers, and coauthored 11 books. Co-director of a documentary entitled Protection and Salvation of Yi Cultural Legacy: A Yi Professor’s Oral History, which has been shown on CCTV Western Channel in 2004.