论凉山彝族的尼牡撮毕
The Nimu Cobi of the Nuosu in Liangshan

　　四川省凉山州民委

　　【摘要】尼牡撮毕是凉山彝族重大的宗教仪式活动。彝谚云：“父久子债给子娶妻立家，子欠父债给父超度送灵。”本文通过详细描述凉山彝族尼牡撮毕的仪式活动，谈谈毕摩对彝族社区生产生活及其文化宗教的影响；同时对“毕”和“毕摩”的定义作规范性诠释，以期纠正以往对“毕”和“毕摩”概念的混乱现象。

　　关键词: 毕 毕摩 尼牡撮毕

　　Abstract

　　The nimu cobi is an important religious ritual for the Yi people in Liangshan area. As a Yi proverb (luby) goes, "To marry a wife and set up a home for the son is the debt a father owes to his son, while to send father's soul back to the ancestral realm is the debt a son owes to his father." Based upon a thick description of the ritual nimu cobi, the present paper discusses the Bimo's influence on productive life, cultural tradition, and religious practice in Nuosu communities. Meanwhile, it sets forth an interpretative criterion for the definitions of "bi" and "bimo," attempting to propose a reasonable substitution for previous misreadings/misuses of the two key concepts in bimo culture.

　　Keywords: bi─bimo─nimu cobi

　　作者简介:
　　曲比石美，从小跟随父辈行过毕。上世纪70年代开始从事彝学研究，搜集整理过《勒俄特依》、《玛木特依》、《尔比尔吉》等文集。80年代以来牵头主研《凉山彝族尼牡概论》，是70年代《凉山彝族奴隶社会》编写组主要成员之一。参加过第一次国际彝学研讨会，是凉山彝学会副会长。

　　About the author:
　　Qubi Shimei (Qubi Shymo), began to practice bi from his father when he was a young boy, and embarked doing research work on Yi culture in 1970s, taking part in collecting and translating Hnewo Teyy, Hmamu Teyy, Luby Luji and other Yi classics. He was the chief-editor of the book titled An Introduction to Nimu of the Yi in Liangshan, and also a leading scholar of the editing group for the book Liangshan Yi Slavery Society. He attended the First International Conference on Yi Studies in Seattle. And now, he acts as the vice president of Liangshan Yi Studies Society.