古蜀文字与彝族文字有亲缘关系
The Genetic Connection of the Ancient Shu Script and Yi Writing

　　四川省科学技术协会

　　【摘要】考古发掘及文献记载相互印证，古蜀族与古彝族有亲缘关系。半个多世纪来，在古蜀族活动区域发掘出较多的铸刻有铭文的文物，证明古蜀文字与彝族文字有亲缘关系。这些重要文物有：四川新都出土的铭文戈、郫县张家碾出土的铭文戈、什邡出土的铭文戈、渠县出土的铭文戈、峨眉符溪出土的铭文戈、四川收集的三角形铭文戈等。近期笔者研究了四川盐亭发现的盐亭古石碑，认为是战国时期文物，其上铭文有47个字符，系古蜀文字（有关论文将在《成都文物》刊出）。以上文物的铭文字符，与较古的重要的彝文字符作比较分析，其中包括贵州威宁出土的陶器刻划符号（战国时期），云南宜良孙家山火葬墓出土的陶罐上的文字符号（元代）、贵州大方县明代成化铜钟铭文等。发现有较多相同或相似的字符，说明古蜀文字与彝族文字有亲缘关系，也说明彝族文字的创造与使用的时间十分悠久。在彝族社会里，毕摩是从事祭祀与文化教育的人，古蜀文字与彝族文字应是毕摩阶层创造及应用的文明要素。

　　关键词：古蜀文字 彝族文字 亲缘关系

　　Abstract

　　Archaeological excavations and documentary research have jointly confirmed that the ancient Shu and the ancient Yi were related peoples. During the past half-century, many artifacts with incised or cast inscriptions have been excavated in the ancient Shu area, proving that ancient Shu scripts and Yi scripts are related to each other. These important artifacts include daggers with inscriptions excavated in Xindu, Pi County, Shifang, Qu County, and Emei, triangular daggers collected in Sichuan, and other weapons. Recentely we have investigated an old stone stele discovered in Yanting, Sichuan, and we belief it is an artifact from the Warring States period. It has 47 characters inscribed on it in the ancient Shu script. An article relating to this will appear in Chengdu Artifacts. We have compared the inscriptions on the above objects with relatively old Yi script inscriptions, including Warring States period incised pottery inscriptions excavated in Weining, Guizhou, Yuan period inscriptions on pottery urns found at cremation sites at Sunjiashan in Yiliang, Yunnan, and inscriptions on a bronze bell from the Chenghua Era of the Ming Dynasty (1465-87) found in Dafang County, Guizhou. We discovered many identical or similar characters, demonstrating that ancient Shu writing and Yi writing are genetically related, and also demonstrates that the time of invention and use of Yi writing is very early. In Yi society, Bimo are practitioners of sacrifice as well as cultural education, and ancient Shu writing seems to be an important strand in the creation and implementation of the culture of the Bimo stratum.

　　Keywords: the Ancient Shu Script─Yi Writing System─Genetic Connection

　　作者简介:
　　钱玉趾，男，1937年生，江苏人，四川师范学院中文系（函授）本科毕业，四川省科学技术协会高级工程师，中国语文现代化学会理事、中国屈原学会会员、中国民族古文字研究学会会员、四川省中华文化学会会员、四川省作家协会会员。研究方向：巴蜀历史文化、彝族历史文化及中国古代文学，已出版的专著有《三星堆文化》（合著）、《九歌会亲解译》、《屈原楚辞全新解译》、《探真古今诗文》等。

　　About the Author:
　　Qian Yuzhi was born in Jiangsu in 1937 and graduated from the Chinese Department of Sichuan Normal College. He is a senior engineer in the Sichuan Society of Science and Technology, a director of the China Society for the Study of Linguistic Modernization, a member of the Chinese Society of Qu Yuan Studies, the Chinese Society for the Study of Traditional Ethnic Scripts, the Sichuan Society for the Study of Chinese Culture, and the Sichuan Writers’ Union. His research directions include Ba-Shu society and culture, Yi history and culture, and ancient Chinese literature. His books include Sanxingdui Culture (jointly authored), A Translation and Explication of the Huiqin section of the Nine Songs, A Completely New Translation and Explication of Qu Yuan’s Chu Ci, and Understanding Ancient and Modern Poetry.