论彝族人生祭祀礼俗
Yi Rites of Passage and Sacrifice Offering

　　云南民族博物馆

　　【摘要】彝族普遍信仰原始宗教。举凡生育、成年、婚嫁、死亡等标志人生重大转折的每一阶段都要举行相应的祭祀活动，从而形成了独具特色的彝族人生祭祀礼俗。文章分为一、生育：祈神护育的祭礼；二、穿裙裤：标志成年的祭礼；三、婚嫁：消灾纳福的祭礼；四、丧葬：终结人生的祭礼等四个部分。

　　关键词: 彝族 生育 成年 婚嫁 丧葬 祭俗 人生仪礼

　　Abstract

　　The Yi people believe in primitive religion. They perform sacrificial activities which indicate important life-cycle transitions of birth, adult initiation, wedding, and funeral. Accordingly, characteristic sacrificial rites of passage of Yi people’s life have been developed. This paper is composed of four parts, that is, birth-giving, the sacrificial ceremony to pray for birth; Dress-changing rite, the sacrificial ceremony to symbolize maturity; wedding ceremony, the sacrifice-offering for dispelling misfortune and attracting happiness; and funeral, the sacrificial rite at the end of one’s life.

　　Keywords: Yi ethnic minority─birth-giving─adult initiation─wedding─funeral─sacrifice offering ─rites of passage

　　作者简介:
　　起国庆（1966-），男，彝族，民族学硕士，云南省永仁县人。现为云南民族博物馆副馆长、副研究馆员。先后在中央工艺美术学报《装饰》、《云南民族大学学报》、《亚细亚民族造型学报》（韩国）、《东亚细亚假面具》（韩国）、《云南彝学研究》、《东亚民族造型文化》、《民族文物探索》等国内外学术刊物上发表了数十篇论文，撰写的彝族毕摩文化方面的专著《信仰的灵光——彝族原始宗教与毕摩文化》获2004年云南省优秀社科成果一等奖，参与主撰编辑出版的《中国原始宗教百科全书》获2003年度中国辞书类二等奖。先后两次应邀赴韩国汉城和晋州参加“中日韩面具与戏剧国际学术研讨会”和“亚细亚民族造型艺术国际学术研讨会”和国内一系列国际学术研讨会，在法国巴黎、韩国汉城等主持举办了一系列高规格的民族文化艺术展览。

　　About the Author:
　　Qi Guoqing, male, comes from the Yi ethnic minority, born in 1966, in Yongren County, Yunnan Province, M.A. in Ethnology, the vice curator of Yunnan Nationalities Museum and an associate professor. Tens of his papers have been published in academic journals both at home and abroad, such as Art and Design, the Journal of the Central Technique and Art College, the Journal of Yunnan University For Nationalities, the Journal of Asia Ethnic Modeling and Culture (Korea), Masks of East Asia (Korea), Studies of the Yi Ethnic Minority in Yunnan, Three-dimensional Material Culture in East Asia, and Researches on Cultural Relics of Ethnic Groups. His book about Yi Bimo culture titled The Brilliance of Belief: the Primitive Religion and Bimo Culture of the Yi Ethnic Minority, won the first prize of the Excellent Provincial Social Achievement in Yunnun, 2004; Chinese Primitive Religion Encyclopedia, of which he was engaged in the major edition work, won the second prize of Chinese Encyclopedia, 2003. He was invited to Seoul and Jinju, Korea twice to attend the international seminar of Sino-Japanese-Korean Masks and Opera, Asian Ethnic Modeling Culture, and other international seminars in China. He also has been to Paris and Seoul City to host a series of high level ethnic culture and art exhibitions.