经济不能脱离文化，文化与经济同步发展：在甘洛县和汉源县的彝族村做发展工作的启发
Economy Cannot be Separated from Culture, Culture and Economy Must Work Together:
Learnings from Development Work in Yi Villages in Ganluo and Hanyuan Counties

　　The School of Cultural Studies at Flinders University of South Australia
　　南澳大利亚大学文化研究学院

　　四川农村发展组织

　　【摘要】四川农村发展组织是一个致力于综合农村发展工作的组织，用参与方式与彝族村民一起探讨。工作地区是在凉山州的甘洛县和雅安地区的汉源县的一些最贫困、最边缘的村子。四川农村发展组织的看法是彝族村民自己最清楚本地的情况，我们的方法是问村民，(包括男、女的、老人、儿童、村干部、最困难家庭)关于他们对本地的了解，他们的发展想法，还有他们想怎么解决问题。项目包括教育、基础实施、养殖业和其他农村经济发展项目。这一次演讲：张振芳和楼兰与大家一起分享村民跟我们讨论的“关于经济和文化的必然关系”。我们的演讲提到四川农村发展组织在过去的日子里，在做经济发展的时候，出现的一些问题。主要是因为：文化的重视和理解不够、用国际和汉族的经济标准来衡量以及以国际和汉族文化方式为方向。为了达到我们的目标，既要让彝族经济发展，又要让彝族的文化继承和发扬，所以现在我们非常重视经济和文化同时发展。在我们工作中、彝族村民告诉我们，生活提高与文化发展必须从经济发展开始，经济是基础，文化的发展要以经济为依托。我们的演讲主要提两个点：一是，如果彝族学要跟基层彝族村民有直接的关系并针对他们的文化需求，就必须考虑到经济发展问题。二是，如果要让彝族村子经济发展项目成功，就要了解彝族文化，而且本地村民有机会参与到项目中来。四川农村发展组织的彝族工作者张振芳，与大家一起谈，在本人的生活中，经济和文化应该怎么发展，因为我的家庭让我读书、学习，让我有机会了解外面的世界，这样并没有影响我对本民族文化的继承和发扬，反而更爱自己的民族，在做经济发展工作的同时，希望更好的发扬自己本民族文化。以我为例，讲述经济和文化是怎样的一个联系。

　　关键词: 文化 经济 彝族 农村 发展

　　Abstract

　　DORS (Development Organisation of Rural Sichuan) is an integrated development organization working in participation with Yi communities in Ganluo County, Liangshan Prefecture and Hanyuan county, Ya’an district. We work with some of the poorest and most remote villagers on a range of education, infrastructural, livestock development and other economic development projects. DORS takes the view that Yi villagers themselves are most aware of local situations. Our approach is to ask villagers (including men, women, elders, children, village leaders, poorest households) about their local knowledge, what opportunities for and barriers to economic (and cultural) development exist in their villages and how best to address these. In this paper, DORS workers Zhang Zhenfang and Katie Maher share some of what village partners have taught us about the integral links between economic and cultural concerns. We discuss some of the problems DORS has encountered in the past when we have used international and Han standards to work with Yi villagers. It is through encountering such problems, and through trying to meet our aims of benefiting Yi people, that we have come to place increasing importance on culture. We also share some of what Yi villagers have clearly shown us, that improving the lives of Yi people, and cultural advancement for Yi people, must begin with economic development. We now place increasing importance on combining economic development with cultural development. Our paper raises two key points: That if Yi people themselves are to significantly benefit from Yi studies, then economic development concerns must be considered as an integral component of Yi studies; and that if economic development projects with Yi communities are to be successful, opportunities for the participation of local Yi people and a knowledge of Yi culture is essential. Yi worker Zhang Zhenfang discusses how economic and cultural factors have interacted in her own life. Through having the chance to participate in further education, she has been able to enhance her studies in Yi culture and is now working to enhance overall development opportunities for Yi people. Employing Yi workers has been a key to improving DORS’ communication and understanding with Yi communities, enabling us to recognize that some standard ways of working may not be best for Yi people.

　　Keywords: culture─economy─the Yi People─rural─development

　　作者简介：
　　楼兰，一位发展工作者和文化学者，现在在四川农村发展组织工作。1999年开始在南澳芬林得大学文化学系读博士。来自澳大利亚，在中国有五年多的学习，生活和工作经验。

　　张振芳出生在凉山州宁南县，毕业于西南民族大学，现在在四川农村发展组织工作。

　　About the Authors:
　　Katie Maher is a development worker and cultural studies scholar now working with DORS. Originally from Australia, she has spent over five years in China. In 1999 she commenced a doctoral degree with the School of Cultural Studies at Flinders University of South Australia.

　　Zhang Zhenfang is a Yi woman from Ningnan County in Liangshan Zhou. She commenced work with DORS in January 2005 after graduating from the South Western University of Nationalities in Chengdu.