凉山彝族传统文化和宗教信仰对生物多样性的保护： 以《勒俄特依》和“古则鲁则”仪式等为例
Protecting Biologic Diversity: Examples from Henwo Teyy and Gunre Lunre Ritual

　　凉山州民族研究所

　　【摘要】近些年来环保和生物多样性成为世界各国政府和学者们共同赞许和标榜的词语。不过对它的理解似呼多为横向的、直观的、现实的。人们忽略了纵向的、客观的、传统的、特别是与深层文化交织在一起的环保理念。本文通过彝文史诗《勒俄特依》中所反映的雪族十二子的研究和美姑地区流行的“古则鲁则”等仪式的搜集整理，对彝族传统的环保理念进行了疏理，指出雪族同源共生观长期以来伴随彝人的生活，默默地成为保护彝区生态平衡的“思想警察”，维护了彝区生态的基本平衡。并提出通过开放的人文文化，不仅用科学的尺度，而且也应该用民间的尺度，传统的尺度以及时空的尺度来构建环保和生物多样性的理念。

　　Abstract
　　In recent years, “environmental protection” and “biodiversity” have become signal words for governments and scholars around the world. But it seems as if the understanding of these things is mostly superficial, direct, and practical. People have neglected deep, objective, traditional, and particularly environmental protection concepts that are interwoven with deeper layers of culture. This paper uses research on the account of the “12 sons of the Snow Clan” in the Yi epic Hnewo Teyy, as well as material collected and collated from the Gunre Lunre and other rituals now popular in Meigu, to comb through traditional Yi beliefs about environmental protection, and points out that the concepts of common origin and common life found in the Snow Clan have long accompanied Yi traditional life, and have turned into a “conceptual alarm” for preserving ecological balance in Yi areas and have protected the basic ecological balance there. It also points out through open-minded humanistic culture, we should not only use scientific measures, but also use folk measures and traditional measures as well as temporal and spatial measures to construct our own concepts of environmental protection and biodiversity.

　　作者简介:
　　马尔子，男，彝族，1977年中等师范毕业。先后在小学、中学执教。1982年考入中央民族学院古籍整理班，1984年毕业后在凉山奴隶社会博物馆研究部从事研究工作。1988年被评为文博馆员。1991年到民族研究所，1994年评为副研究员，任《凉山民族研究》副主编、主编。任四川省彝语文中小学教材审查委员会委员，中国民族古文字学会理事，中国都市人类学学会会员。参加国家和四川省“八五”、“九五”重点社科项目5项。一、参与写作的专著：《当代凉山彝族的社会与婚姻家庭》；合著《凉山─大西南开发的制高点》、合译《凉山彝族驱鬼经》。二、已在国内国家级、省级、州级以及美国、英国〈亚洲季刊〉、日本等学术刊物上公开发表论文30篇。有3项科研成果分别获得四川省哲学社会科学二等奖、优秀奖；3项获得州人民政府二等、三等奖。1998年被凉山州人民政府授予1998至2002年度有突出贡献的拔尖人才称号。三、拟出版的书籍：《凉山彝族习惯法》（二人合著）；《中国少数民族现状与发展调查?彝族卷》（执笔农业和社会两篇）；《四川少数民族在现代化过程中的调适行为研究》（三人合著）；参与撰写《中国少数民族词典?彝族卷》，任凉山部分课题副组长。

　　About the Author:
　　Mar Erzi (Ma Lunzy）is a Yi from Baiwu, Yanyuan. He graduated from Normal High School in 1977, and taught both elementary and middle school. In 1982 he tested in to a class in documentary collation and editing at the Central Institute for Nationalities, and after graduating in 1984 worked in the Liangshan Museum of Slave Society, rising to the rank of curator in 1988. In 1991 he began work at the Liangshan Prefecture Nationalities Research Institute, and was made Associate Researcher in 1994. He was associate editor and then editor of Liangshan Nationalities Studies. He is a member of the inspection committee for the Sichuan provincial Yi language textbook editorial committee, a director of the Chinese association for the study of traditional ethnic writing systems, and a member of the Chinese Society for Urban Anthropology. He has participated in 5 nationally and provincially funded key research projects during the 8th and 9th 5-year plan periods. His books include Marriage and Family among Contemporary Liangshan Yi, Liangshan: An Important Place for Development in the Southwest (jointly authored), and A Liangshan Yi Scripture for Exorcising Ghosts (jointly edited and translated). He has published over thirty articles in national, provincial, and prefectural level journals, as well as journals published in the UK, the US, and Japan. Three research writings have received 2nd prizes and honorable mentions in philosophy and social sciences for Sichuan; and three have received 2nd and 3rd prizes from the Prefectural Government. In 1998 he was selected by the prefectural government as a person of outstandingly significant contributions. Works in preparation include Liangshan Yi Customary Law (jointly authored) Investigations into the Current Conditions and Development of Chinese Minorities: Yi Volume (responsible for chapters on agriculture and society); Research on the Adjustment Behavior of the Liangshan Yi (jointly authored), and Fieldwork Connections: A Story of International Research (jointly authored). He is participating in the writing of the Yi Volume of the Dictionary of Chinese Minorities as vice-chair of the Yi section.