彝族丧葬文化的历史变迁与现实传承——以川、黔彝区丧葬为案例
Historical Changes and Present-Day Heritage of Yi Funeral Rituals:
Examples from Sichuan and Guizhou

　　贵州省民族研究所

　　【摘要】中国彝族有数千年悠久的社会历史与传统文化。丧葬文化极其丰富，在彝族传统文化中具有底蕴深厚、源远流长而变异缓慢的特质。就纵向而言，突出了体现彝族文化的历史发展脉络，从横向上看，包容着恢宏深厚的彝族文化基因。毕摩经书记载的远古彝人部落，有天葬、水葬、土葬、火葬等葬式，现今彝族社会存留的火葬与土葬两种葬式，系彝族先民丧葬文化历史变迁的结果。彝族丧葬文化的传承与保护，具有民族学、历史学等多学科的理论研究意义，更具有现实彝区生态建设和人与自然和谐发展的应用价值。彝族丧葬文化的继承与运用，要体现其原有的礼仪形式，利用其原有的宗教观，融入现代的科学内容，构建民族形式与时代内容的有机统一。

　　关键词：彝族　丧葬文化　历史变迁 传承

　　Abstract
　　The Yi of China have several thousand years of history and traditional culture. Their funeral culture is particularly rich, and in Yi traditional culture it has deep roots, a long history from a remote origin, and a slow pace of change. Longitudinally, it embodies the vein of historical development of culture, whereas synchronically it comprises the vast and deep foundation of Yi culture. In the records of Bimo scripture, there had been celestial burial, water burial, inhumation, and cremation among ancient Yi tribes, only cremation and inhumation are survived today in present-day Yi societies as a result of historical changes took place in Yi ancestral funeral culture. The continuity and preservation of Yi's funeral culture not only possess a theoretically interdisciplinary significance for studies of ethnology, history, folkloristics, and so forth, but also has applicative values for constructing ecological protection with a harmonious development between human beings and nature. The inheritance and utilization of Yi's funeral culture demand for finding expression in its original ceremonial forms, manifesting its native conceptions of religion, getting into a discourse with modern scientism, and building up a organic union of ethnic modality and the Zeitgeist.

　　Keywords: Yi People ─ funeral　culture ─ historical　changes ─ continuity

　　作者简介：
　　李平凡， 男，彝族，贵州省民族研究所所长，副研究员，学士学位。中国民族学会常务理事，中国西南民族研究学会副秘书长，贵州省民族研究学会副会长兼秘书长，贵州彝学研究会副会长，贵州省社科联常委。主要从事彝族、白族社会历史的调查与研究。

　　About the Author
　　Li Pingfan is a Yi from Guizhou , and is Associate Researcher and Director of the Guizhou Provincial Nationalities Research Institute. He holds a B.A. degree, and is a managing director of the Chinese Association for Ethnic Research, Vice Secretary-General of the Southwest China Society for Ethnic Studies, Vice-Chair and Secretary of the Guizhou Society for Ethnic Studies, Vice-Chair of the Guizhou Association for Yi Studies and board member of the Guizhou Alliance for Social Sciences. His main areas of research are Yi and Bai society and history.