彝族咒术与咒诗
Yi Curses and Cursing Chants

　　美姑中国彝族毕摩文化研究中心

　　【摘要】彝族咒术是彝族民间最为常见的仪式之一，特别是咒鬼术在彝族民众生产生活中处于十分重要的地位，使之成为毕摩文化不可缺少的组成部分。而咒诗是咒术活动中不可缺少的诵辞，也是彝族以书面传承的传统文学的“汇编”之一，在彝族经籍文献中占有十分重要的地位。本文试图对彝族咒术和咒诗的分类、结构、历史渊源、研究价值进行简要评述，从而指出咒术是人类原初文化演进历史轨迹保留最为完整、内容十分丰富的一种活态仪式，是彝族民间独特存在和独自传承的无形文化遗产。而咒诗是对咒术仪式中所使用的诗化咒辞的“汇编”，具有很高的学术价值，在五彩斑斓的世界多元文化中，也是一粒十分稀有的宝贵的人类记忆遗产。

关键词：彝族咒术 咒诗 分类 结构 渊源 价值

　　Abstract

　　The conduct of curse among Yi people is one of the most common rituals in local tradition; especially the ghost-cursing practice plays a prominent role in Yi’s daily life, which makes it become an indispensable part of Bimo Culture. The cursing chant in poetic lines is the necessary part of cursing rituals, and besides that it is also one part of the “thick corpus” of the traditional literature, so it takes an important place in Yi’s literature. This article tries to give a brief review of genre, structure, value of studying, as well as the origin and history of Yi’s cursing practice and cursing poetry. So as to prove that the cursing practice is one of the most well-preserved activities in the history of human beings development, and have profound meanings. And it is also an intangible cultural heritage with independent continuance and distinctive character in the folk society. The cursing poetry is the collection of the cursing chants used in the cursing rituals. It is full of important value for academic circle, and is a very rare and invaluable memory heritage in the colorful world of cultural diversity of human beings.

　　Keywords: the cursing practice─Yi people─cursing poetry─classification─structure─origin and development─value

　　作者简介:
　　吉郎伍野，男，彝族，四川美姑人，近几年来从事彝族毕摩文化和彝族民俗文化研究工作，翻译彝文文献有《招兵经》、《指经理》、《三道禽血债》等，著述有《大凉山美姑彝族文化艺术研究》（与人合著）等，其他论文有数十篇。

　　About the author:
　　Jilang Wuye (Jjiela Vyyi) comes from Nuosu Yi, born in Meigu, Liangshan, Sichuan. In the recent years, he has been working on the study of bimo culture and folklore of the Yi. He translated books in old Yi language into Chinese, included Zhaobingjing, Zhijingli, Sandaoqinxuezhai and so on. He coauthored The Study on the Art and Culture of Yi People in Meigu, Daliangshan, also published dozens of papers.