彝族系列的创世史诗
Creation Epics of the Yi Group

　　台湾政治大学民族学系

　　【摘要】创世史诗是中国西南众民族普遍创造的文学，要在一族找出五六篇，并非难事，而彝族尤其丰富，多达二十四篇。可是彝族组成复杂，支系繁多达到三四十种，又往往无法通话。再凭“彝族”原本称“夷族”，便足以让让我们去思考，到底彝族“是一个民族，但有三四十种支系”，或“是一个民族集团，包括三四十种民族”？企图解答这个问题有很多途径，包括从语言从族源从社会组织从宗教等等途径，但是本文选择从创世史诗下手寻找答案。这二十四篇创世史诗，当然（A）有其地理分布，（B）也查得出来用什么“话”（“彝语方言”）来传唱，（C）传唱的人属于哪一个支系。这二十四篇创世史诗，透过ABC三层地图的叠套，对照检验相邻其它西南民族，我们可以图穷匕见，看出“彝族系列的二十四篇创世史诗”究竟是出于同样民族源流的“语缘”关系，或是仅止于相邻传播仿造的“地缘”关系。

　　关键词：彝族 创世史诗 民族集团

　　Abstract

　　Genesis epics are a type of literature generally created by all ethnic groups in southwest China. It is not difficult to find 5 or 6 kinds of genesis epics in one ethnic group, especially in “Yi-zu”, which has 24 epics. However, “Yi-zu” was complicatedly made up of 30 to 40 branches that mostly have no mutual intelligibility. Moreover, the fact that “Yi-zu” is originally named “Yi (the barbarians)” attracts us to consider that “Yi-zu is an ethnos which has 30 to 40 sub-ethnos”, or “Yi-zu is a set of ethnic groups which comprises 30 to 40 ethnos”. There are a lot of approaches to this problem, such as languages, ethnic sources, social organization or religion. This article tries to look for the answers from the genesis epics. The 24 kinds of genesis epics in Yi-zu certainly could be probed by (A) the geographic distribution of these epics, (B) the languages (or so-called “Yi dialects”) used to sing these epics, (C) which branch do the people singing these epics belong to. By means of this three layered map, and the contrast among the other neighboring ethnic groups in southwest China, it will be possible to determine whether relations among “the genesis epics of the series of Yi-zu” are determined by closeness of linguistic origin or simply by geographical proximity and mutual influence.

　　Keywords: Yi-zu─genesis epics─ethnic groups

　　作者简介:
　　黄季平，台湾国立政治大学民族学系讲师，政大民族学系博士生。主要研究领域为民族文学、民俗学。代表作为《蒙古民间文学》(林修澈 黄季平合著，1996年)；发表了《原住民文学的教学与课程设计》、《藏族的民间故事》、《庙纪录的方法论：三次庙普查的比较》、《中国的民族政策与彝族的民族认定》 及《中国东北旅游资源的发展──从台湾旅行团出团的视野》等论文。

　　About the Author:
　　Huang Chi-ping, Lecturer, Dept. of Ethnology, National Cheng-chi University. Education: M. of Ethnology, National Cheng-chi University (1991-1995); Ph.D. program of Ethnology, National Cheng-chi University (2003- present); Fields of specialty: Ethnic Literature, Folklore; Significant writings: 1996 Mongolian Folk Literatures (co-author: LIM Siu-theh). Articles: 1998 The Instruction and Curriculum design of Aboriginal Literature, 1999 Tibetan Folk Tales, 2003 Methodology for the Investigation of Temples:the Comparative Analysis to Three Investigations of Temples, 2004-a Ethnic Policy and Ethnic Identification of Yi in China, 2004-b Development of Traveling Resources in Northeast China: the Perspectives of Tour Arrangement of the Tour Groups in Taiwan.