性别化的劳动分工：以当代彝族家庭为个案
Division of Labor by Gender in Nuosu Agriculture

　　Department of Economics, University of Sussex, UK
　　英国苏塞克斯大学经济系

　　【摘要】本论文通过对四川盐源县彝族人的研究尝试探讨现代彝族家庭内劳动分工情况，包括对家务劳动，农业生产劳动，以及非农业生产劳动的分工。 假设每个家庭成员都是劳动生产者，通过二元垄断Stackelberg平衡分析，尝试解释在“家庭成员对资讯掌握程度不同”对“家庭成员之间劳动分工”的影响。本论文第二步为了补充Stackelberg平衡分析的不足而进行了一系列的外因分析，包括：社会，政治以及彝族风俗习惯对家庭成员行为的影响。 本论文第三部分是通过成本效益分析来证明：每个家庭成员都是平衡其个人的成本、效益来决定自我的劳动参与量的，但女性在此过程中的社会成本通常都会高于她们的社会效益。

　　关键词：性别 经济 彝族 劳动分工 “Stackelberg”平衡 经济人

　　 Abstract

　　This paper explores gendered differences the intrahousehold bargaining relationship on determining labor division between men, women and children on household reproductive work, on-farm production and off-farm production in one village in Yanyuan County, Sichuan. Treating each individual of the household as a producer of labor, a duopoly Stackelberg equilibrium analysis is used as a partial explanation to the interpersonal negotiations under two circumstances: perfect information and asymmetric information. The latter half of this paper considers the exogenous effects such as socio-political factors and customary Yi traditions that may play a role in determining the actions of each individual and finds. Through a cost-benefit analysis, this exercise suggests that individuals regardless of gender choose to optimize workload where private costs are close to or equal to private benefit, but social costs for women are likely to be much higher than social benefit.

　　Keywords: gender─economics─Yi─division of labor─Stackelberg equilibrium─homo economics

　　作者简介：
　　何仲芝，彝名乌略，美国华盛顿州立大学毕业，曾于杰克逊学院从事国际关系研究，现于英国苏塞克斯大学攻读硕士； 2002年间交换学生时期肆业于四川大学并进行了一项对四川省南部农村经济改革的研究，研究范围包括：农村政府架构及运作，农村基层对政府管治的参予等，并对农村之再生资源及农村跨代贫穷等问题进行了探索。

　　About the Author
　　Joanne Ho (Vunyo）is a recent graduate of University of Washington under the Jackson School of International Studies. Having spent a year at Sichuan University, she did a case study on the China’s economic liberalization in the agriculture sector in southern Sichuan. Her research interests include poverty traps, rural institutions and local participation, and renewable resources. Joanne is currently a postgraduate student in economics at University of Sussex.