彝族地区气候背景与气象谚语
Climate and Proverbs about Weather in Yi Areas

　　四川省凉山州越西县气象局

　　【摘要】彝族主要世居在云贵川地区的山区，彝族人民在生产和生活中学习和应用了很多气象学知识。在气象预报、人工影响天气、气候预报、气候资源的应用上彝族人民都有很高的认识程度。彝族人民早期的气象学知识主要是通过气象谚语（尔比）来体现（包括物候知识）并加以应用的。本文试图应用现代气象学知识对流传在彝族人民中的部分气象谚语（尔比）加以解释，然后再加以比较分析。笔者认为彝族对自己生活地区的气象学知识的认识程度是相当高的，彝族人民在很早以前就认识到四季变化与生产和生活的关系，懂得应用人工影响天气和防雷知识。彝族人民在长期的生产和生活实践中学会了应用气象变化，观测野外动物之行为和物候变化，可以预测天气，这与我国古代先民之天气预报方法十分类似。彝族气象谚语（尔比）多来源于对季节变化和物候的观察。

　　关键词: 彝族 气象学 物候 气象谚语（尔比）

　　Abstract

　　The Yi mostly live in the mountainous regions of Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan, and Yi people learn and use a lot of meteorological knowledge in their productive life. In weather forecasting, human influence on weather, climate forecasting, and use of climatic resources, Yi people have a high level of knowledge. Early Yi meteorological knowledge was largely embodied and put to use through climate proverbs (luby) –including phenological proverbs. The present essay attempts to understand and elucidate the knowledge transmitted in Yi meteorological luby through concepts of modern meteorology, and to perform a comparative analysis. I believe that Yi people’s knowledge of the climate and weather in the areas where they live is of a very high level, and that Yi people very early understood the changes of he four seasons and their relation to human life, as well as how to influence weather and protect against thunder and lightning damage. Through a long period of productive life, Yi people learned how to use climate change, observation of wild animal behavior and phenological changes to be able to predict weather, all in ways very similar to methods of weather prediction in ancient China. Yi meteorological luby mostly originate from seasonal changes and observation of phenology.

　　Keywords: Yi people─meteorology─phenology─climate proverbs (luby)

　　作者简介:
　　蒋志聪(吉乃阿木)，四川凉山越西县彝族人。80年代初开始从事气象工作。热衷于民族文化，希望通过彝族人网学习、体验和宣传彝族文化；希望借助网络，为宣传和传承民族文化尽一份力量。目前为彝族人网主页责任编辑。

　　About the Author:
　　Jiang Zhicong (Jjiehnie Amur) comes from Nuosu Yi, born in Yuexi County, Liangshan, Sichuan. He began to work on meteorological service in the early of 1980s, since then he has devoted himself to Yi culture. With a desire for learning, experiencing and transmitting Yi indigenous culture via the Infobahn, he has been making his own contribution to the Website of Yizuren (Yi People) as one of the volunteer webpage editors.