Grub, Barbara L. 葛晓萍
University of Washington Dept. of Anthropology, USA
美国华盛顿大学人类学系
【摘要】按照诺苏传统知识，理想的自然经济环境条件包括农地、牧场和森林。盐源县的羊圈偏水小组满足这些要求，有河谷和山脚的农地，附近的山坡森林，以及河谷、山边两种牧场，能够牧放绵羊、山羊、水牛、黄牛、牦牛、马和猪。但是迄今为止，尚未有牲畜及其生态作用的科学研究，尤其是目前出现了各种推广与发展牧业为脱贫路线的项目，此研究成为关键。本文初步探讨了诺苏关于牲畜和牲畜管理的观念，及其与牲畜商品化和数量增加所带来的生态压力之间的关系。
关键词：山地生态学 牲畜 牧养 诺苏 中国
Abstract
The ideal economy according to Nuosu traditional sayings
includes fields, pastures, and forests. The villages of
Yangjuan and Pianshui in Yanyuan County fill these requirements,
with fields in the river valley and on the nearby uplands,
forested mountains nearby, and both valley and mountain
pastures for their sheep, goats, horses, cattle, and pigs.
But up to now, no scientific study has been done of the
ecological role of livestock, and such a study is crucial
in an era when animal husbandry is being commercialized
and seen as a way out of poverty. This paper presents a
preliminary study of the relationship between Nuosu beliefs
about livestock and livestock management, and the pressures
put on resources by increasing numbers and commercialization
of livestock.
Keywords: mountain ecology─livestock─herding─Nuosu─China
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作者简介：
葛晓萍，女，加拿大人。自幼在华盛顿东部的大牧牛场长大，由此对牲畜产生了兴趣。毕业于维吉尼亚州伦道夫─梅肯女子学院，获国际关系研究学士学位；专业经历包括：与美国和平队(Peace
Corps)一道在危地马拉(拉丁美洲)生活了两年，从事牲畜发展和疾病防止工作，同时为加拿大联邦政府工作。2003年从华盛顿大学毕业，获中国研究硕士学位；目前正在继续攻读环境人类学博士学位，并在四川省凉山州盐源县羊圈村从事田野作业。
About the author:
Barbara Grub grew up on a cattle ranch in eastern Washington,
where she became interested in livestock. She graduated
with a BA in International Relations from Randolph-Macon
Woman’s College in Virginia. Her professional work includes
living in Guatemala for 2 years working with the Peace Corps
in livestock development and disease prevention, as well
as working for the Canadian federal government. Barbara
received her Masters in China Studies from the Jackson School
of International Studies (University of Washington) in 2003,
and is currently working towards a Ph.D in Environmental
Anthropology. Her fieldwork site in China is Yangjuan Village,
Yanyuan County, Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan Province.
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