安迪斯地区的高山与祖先崇拜：
十五世纪早期盛行的帕里亚卡卡崇拜的现状之概观与个案研究
The Cult of the Mountains and the Ancestors in the Andes: A General and Actual View of a Case Study on the Cult of the Powerful Pariacaca in the Begining of the Xvth Century

　　Astete Flores, Guillermo Fernando 圭勒莫·费尔南多·阿斯特特·弗洛雷斯

　　The First Lady Office of Perú
　　秘鲁总统夫人办公室

　　【摘要】讨论安第斯地区的某些文化行为，特别是宗教事务，是有一定难度的。原因是殖民地时期不仅从整体上与安第斯文化发生了撞击，而且对各地和当地的安第斯文化也形成了影响。尽管如此，考虑到一个不争的事实，即了解殖民地时期秘鲁当地人的途径是西班牙语的书面资料，使我们十分确信一些诸如高山崇拜之类的古老信仰和行为在我们的时代仍有保留。考虑到这类文化和历史事件的复杂性，我们应该先回顾秘鲁国内不同地域真实的高山崇拜行为，然后透过聚焦于特定殖民时期的当地材料，找到一条途径，从宏观层面，根据其他社会方面如身份认同以及不同安第斯社会群体的社会和政治组织，观察这种信仰体系的隐含意义。接着我们将把注意力放在分析利马高地行政区被称为帕里亚卡卡的大雪山的崇拜之上，据传说和它相连的山都是它的兄弟和后代。再往下我们将了解这种神圣的谱系是如何再现了当地地貌，社会政治图景，和华罗奇里地区人们的身份认同话语的，特别要关注的是十五世纪早期处于殖民地时期被称作切卡的秘鲁氏族的例子。

　　关键词：帕里亚卡卡 高山崇拜 神圣谱系 地貌 社会组织 历史过程

　　Abstract

　　It is very complicated to speak about some cultural practices in the Andes particularly about religious affairs. It is so because of the very impact that the colonial period pruduces in the Andean culture as a whole and in regional and local Andean cultures. Despite this and considering the fact that almost all we know about indigenous people of Peru in colonial times comes from Spanish written sources, we have to be very sure that some ancient beliefs and practices like the cult of the mountains are still standing in our time. Taking account of the complex of this cultural and historical affair, we can review some actual practices of mountain worship in different parts of the country and then focus in the past through particular indigenous colonial sources to take an approach to a macro view of the implications of this systems of believes in terms of other social aspects as the identity and the social and political organization of the different Andean social groups. So we are going to focus the analysis in the cult of a very powerful snow mountain called Pariacaca, from the highlands of the department of Lima, who has -as it is said- many brothers and descendants, each one associated with other mountains. Then we are going to see how these sacred genealogies are a complex representation of the landscape, the sociopolitical scope and the identity discourses of the people of the region of Huarochiri, particularly of the clan called Checa, in the times of the colonial Peru, in the beginning of the xvii century.

　　Keywords: Pariacaca─mountain worship─sacred genealogies─landscape─social organization─ historical processes

　　作者简介：
　　圭勒莫·费尔南多·阿斯特特·弗洛雷斯是秘鲁社会人类学家，在秘鲁Pontificia Universidad Católica大学人类学系从事过研究工作。为研究切卡部落的现状和历史，曾在利马行政区的华罗奇里省进行过长期的田野工作，参与过各种展示个人先进科研成果的学术活动，最近的一次是国际美洲学学者代表大会。曾在代表秘鲁国内社会科学和人文科学最高水平的秘鲁天主教大学人类学任教授职务；现任秘鲁妇女第一工作处文化与社会咨询顾问。

　　About the Author:
　　Astete Flores, Guillermo Fernando is a social anthropologist of Perú, with studies in the department of anthropology of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. He conducted long-term fieldwork in the province of Huarochiri, Department of Lima, studying the present and the past of the group called Checa. He presented his research advances in different academic events like the last international congress of Americanists. He was a professor of the Department of Anthropology in the Catholic University of Peru, the most prestigious university in the country in social sciences and humanities. Now he is an advisor in cultural and social topic in the First Lady Office of Peru.