论彝族毕摩文化及其口头传统的当代价值
Yi Bimo Culture and Its Oral Tradition: From a Perspective of Contemporary Values

　　阿库乌雾 Aku Wuwu

　　西南民族大学彝学学院

　　【摘要】本文试探讨关于彝族毕摩文化与口承传统在当代社会中的多重价值。这些价值有：第一，历史学的价值：一方面是历史研究的价值，另一方面是历史传承的价值；第二，文化学的价值：毕摩文化是彝族文化的源初，在其自身的发展进程中，彝族民众成为了被宣传的对象，同时也使毕摩文化得到了不断的丰富；第三，文学的价值：植根于宗教之中并与之同步发展，二者的思维方式是互相影响的，而且文学文本与宗教文本是同一的；第四，语言学的价值：毕摩经书不仅有关于彝语起源的种种神话，而且包含了语音学、语义学、语法学和修辞学等方面的知识；第五，民族学的价值：毕摩经书包含着彝民族的记忆、哲学乃至民族迁徙的史路历程；第六，宗教学的价值：较上述各种价值更为明显的是宗教学价值，这也是走进彝族文化根源的必经之路。总之，只有在掌握了毕摩文化的精髓要义以后，我们才能不断地发展并延续其多重价值与文化生命力。

　　关键词: 彝族 毕摩文化 口头传统 多重价值

　　Abstract
　　This essay discusses the multiple values of bimo culture and Yi oral literature. These are 1) historical value: one aspect is historical study and the other historic continuity; 2) value for cultural studies: as one profound resource of Yi culture, bimo practice has been widely transmitted and renewed among Yi people in its development; 3) literary value: having taken root in religion and kept its vitality in rituals, bimo culture exerts a great influence on ways of thought, furthermore, the literary texts are identical to religious texts. 4) value for linguistics: in bimo texts, there are not only original myths of Yi language but also huge information of phonetics, philology, syntax, and rhetoric so on; 5) value of ethnology: bimo texts contain ethnic memory, philosophy, and vicissitudes of the Yi; 6) value of religion; more apparent than the others, since folk belief is the way to approach the cultural fountainhead of the Yi. In a word, as long as we make a deep understanding of the essence of bimo culture, we can develop and continue its multiple values and cultural vitality.

　　Keywords: Yi People─bimo culture─oral tradition─multiple values

　　作者简介:
　　阿库乌雾，彝族，汉名罗庆春，属龙，四川凉山彝族自治州冕宁县人，九三学社社员。1984年开始发表彝文作品，1986年以后从事彝汉双语创作，先后出版的主要著述有：诗集《冬天的河流》（彝文，1994）、《走出巫界》（1995）、《虎迹》（彝文，1998）、《阿库乌雾诗歌选》（2004）；少数民族文学理论、评论集《灵与灵的对话——中国当代少数民族汉语诗论》（2001年）、《族群记忆与多元创造：新时期四川少数民族文学》（合著、2001年）、《栗原小荻现象争鸣》（主编、2001）、《萨仁图娅、栗原小荻短诗艺术研究》（编著、2003年）、《南永前图腾诗赏析》（合著，2004年）等13部。公开发表学术论文38篇，其中，有5篇学术论文先后被人大复印资料中心和全国高校文科学报文摘转载。先后于1992年和2001年荣获四川省第一、第二届少数民族文学奖。现为中国作家协会会员、四川省青年联合会副主席、四川省中国现当代文学研究会副秘书长、四川省彝学学会副秘书长、四川省比较文学学会理事、成都市武侯区人大常委、西南民族大学彝学学院教授、硕士生导师、副院长。目前，正致力于彝族当代文学、中国当代少数民族母语文学的理论研究。主要简历：1、1982年9月至1986年7月在西南民族学院读大学；2、1986年7月至今在西南民族大学任教；3、1992年12月破格晋升为讲师；4、1993年9月至1994年7月进北京大学中文系进修；5、1995年12月破格晋升为副教授；6、1999年9月至2000年7月在四川大学文学院访学；7、2001年12月晋升为教授，任彝学学院副院长；8、2002年荣获四川省有突出贡献专家称号；9、2003年12月当选为成都市武侯区人大常委。10、2004年1月当选为四川省青年联合会副主席；11、2004年9月被评为四川省学术技术带头人后备人选。

　　About the Author:
　　Aku Wuwu (Aku Vuvu, Luo Qingchun), a Yi-poet and poetic critic, was born in 1964 in Mianning County, Liangshan. He graduated from Southwest University for Nationalities with a BA in China’s Ethnic Minority Literature. He is now the vice dean of the College of Yi Ethnic Studies of SWUN, and a tutor of MA candidates. He is the member of the Association of Chinese Writers, the Vice-President of the Youth Union of Sichuan Province, the Director of The Sichuan Comparative Literature Association, and the Vice Secretary of the Sichuan Yi Studies Association. Professor Aku has published more than 300 poems written in both Yi native tongue and Han language in some leading literary journals and newspapers, i.e. Liangshan Daily (Yi language version), Liangshan Art (Yi-language version), Poetry, and Stars. The Stream in Winter, the first collection of poetry written in modern Yi-language, and The Tiger’s Track, the first collection of narrative poetry ever written in modern Yi language in the modern history of Yi literature, were published in 1994 and 1998 respectively. The publication of these two collections established his status as the herald of modern Yi literature written in Yi native tongue. Another two collections of poetry written in Chinese, Going beyond the Boundary of Witchcrafts, and The Selected Poetry of Aku Vuvu, were published in 1995 and 2004 respectively. His literary achievements are introduced in such prestigious academic works as The Literary History of Yi Ethnic Minority, and An Introduction to the Literature of Yi People. He is honored as the “Originator of Yi Modern Poetry”. Some of his poems are included in the textbooks for primary school and university students. About 10 of his poems, including the most influential poem in Yi native tongue, “Calling Back a Child’s Spirit”, have been translated into English and published in American literary journals. A special website of his poetry and related study is to be established very soon by the experts of the Department of East Asian Language and Literature, at the Ohio State University in the States. In the mean time, Professor Aku Wuwu is also an influential literary critic. He has published 38 research papers in many leading journals of China’s ethnic minority literature, i.e., Study of Ethnic Literature and Ethnic Minority Literature. Besides, he has published five academic works, including the well-known Dialogue between Souls: Poetics of China’s Contemporary Ethnic Minority Poetry Written in Chinese. He coined several noticeable literary terms, i.e., “the Second Mother Tongue”, “the Second Chinese Language,” and “Cultural Hybrid”, etc. which provided unique theoretical perspectives in the study of China’s ethnic minority literature. Aku Wuwu was invited to give lectures in Russia in 2004 and in the USA in April 2005. Professor Aku Wuwu was twice awarded by the “Prize for Sichuan Ethnic Minority Literature” in 1992 and 2001. He was honored as the “Sichuan’s Elitist with Outstanding Contribution” in 2002, and chosen as the “Candidate of Initiators in Academic Fields in Sichuan Province” in 2004.