苏南宝卷讲唱中妙善公主的故事
白若思
复旦大学文史研究院，研究员
俄罗斯
研究领域：讲唱文学(以“宝卷”为主)
《香山宝卷》是中国文学和宗教史上的知名文献。它讲述了观世音菩萨化身妙善公主，在修行道路上克服重重困难，冲破父亲妙庄王的阻拦，最终成道的故事，宣扬了广为流传的佛教思想。
《香山宝卷》属于“宝卷”种类，本质上是散韵结合的宗教文本，用来为俗众吟诵以宣讲宗教。该文本的早期版本题为《观世音菩萨本行经简集》，由昭庆大字经房于1773年刊行于杭州。关于《香山宝卷》后期校订版有多种文字的研究，甚至有两种完整的西方语言译本。然而，这些研究大多建立在纯文本研究的基础上，很少关注其现代演唱。
本报告主要探讨江苏常熟地区（包括常熟市、张家港市现代行政区）在仪式化的故事讲唱形式即“讲经”传统中的《香山宝卷》演唱。该讲唱传统中很好地融入了《香山宝卷》的缩编版本即19世纪下半叶一位佛教僧人编撰的版本，此版本至今仍在常熟地区广受欢迎。《香山宝卷》文本的吟诵，沿袭了常熟的讲经传统，伴随着精致的仪式场景和动作，其演唱能引起女众强烈的情感回应。结合实地考察，笔者重构了此类演唱在不同地区的特点，探讨了吟诵中附加的仪式元素，分析其演唱的社会和心理意义。
白若思，俄罗斯人，出生于俄罗斯圣彼得堡。2010年在美国费城宾夕法尼亚大学获得博士学位，2009年在俄罗斯圣彼得堡国立大学获得副博士学位。2010-2012年，任台湾“中央研究院近代史研究所”博士后研究员。现为复旦大学文史研究院研究员。他的主要研究领域包括中国讲唱文学（以“宝卷”为主），明清时期（14-19世纪）中国佛教史和民间信仰，以及17-18世纪中俄文化交流。白若思在主持中国民间佛教故事在越南的传播为题的合作研究项目。著有两本俄文专著，一本英文专著《多面目连：明清时期中国宝卷》（西雅图：华盛顿大学出版社，2017年），以及40多篇英、俄、中和越四种文字的学术论文。
The Story of Princess Miaoshan in the Scroll Recitation of Southern Jiangsu
Rostislav BEREZKIN
Senior Research Fellow, National Institute for Advanced Humanistic Studies, Fudan University
Russia
Research Areas: storytelling literature(“precious scrolls” in particular)
Baojuan of Incense Mountain (Xiangshan baojuan 香山宝卷) is a well known text in the history of Chinese literature and religion. It tells the story of the female incarnation of the mighty Bodhisattva Guan[shi]yin (Skt. Avalokiteśvara) as Princess Miaoshan 妙善 (Marvelous Goodness), who overcame many obstacles on her path of spiritual cultivation—one of the most difficult of which was the disapproval of her father, King Miaozhuang 妙庄 (Marvelous Splendor)—and ultimately achieved sainthood. It also preaches popularly interpreted Buddhist ideas.
Baojuan of Incense Mountain belongs to the genre of “precious scrolls” (baojuan 宝卷), which are essentially religious texts written in the style of prose and verse alternation. They were recited to a lay audience for the purpose of religious instruction. The early edition of this text is titled Scripture of the Original Life of the Bodhisattva Guanshiyin (Guanshiyin pusa benxing jing jianji 观世音菩萨本行经简集) and was printed in 1773 by the Zhaoqing Monastery Sūtra publishers 昭庆大字经房 in Hangzhou杭州. Several studies of the later recensions of Baojuan of Incense Mountain exist in various languages, and there are even complete translations into two Western languages. Nevertheless, most of these studies are based on the pure textual research, paying little attention to the modern performances of this piece.
This report deals with performances of the Baojuan of Incense Mountain in the tradition of ritualized storytelling called “telling scriptures” (jiangjing 讲经) in the Changshu area (which includes the modern cities of Changshu and Zhangjiagang) of Jiangsu. The shortened recension of the Baojuan of Incense Mountain that was compiled by a Buddhist monk around the second half of the 19th century, has become well integrated into this performance tradition and still enjoys immense popularity among the people of the Changshu area. The recitation of the text of the Baojuan of Incense Mountain, following the tradition of telling scriptures as practiced in Changshu, is accompanied by an elaborate ritual setting and action, and its performance elicits a strong emotional response from the female portion of its audience. Based on field observations, I reconstruct the general contents of these performances in several locations, discuss the ritual elements that augment the recitation, and analyze the social and psychological meanings of the performance.
Rostislav BEREZKIN is a Russian citizen, born in Saint-Petersburg in Russia. He obtained his Ph.D. degree from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, in 2010, and candidate of sciences degree from Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia, in 2009. In 2010-2012 he was a postdoctoral research fellow at the Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica. Currently Rostislav is a senior research fellow at the National Institute for Advanced Humanistic Studies, Fudan University. His main fields of research are storytelling literature (“precious scrolls” in particular), history of Buddhism and popular beliefs in late imperial China (14 – 19th centuries), and also Russo-Chinese cultural exchange in the 17-18th centuries. Now Rostislav also directs the co-operative research project on the spread of Chinese popular Buddhist stories in Vietnam. His publications include two books in Russian and English book Many Faces of Mulian: The Precious Scrolls of Late Imperial China (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2017), as well as more than 40 articles in English, Russian, Chinese, and Vietnamese languages.
